Every year, Europe loses thousands of millions of euros on cross-border fraud, including at least €50 billion of Value Added Tax.
Availing itself of the opportunity offered by the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (“TFUE”) since the adoption of the Lisbon Treaty in 2008, the European Union instituted the European Public Prosecutor’s Office (“EPPO”) on October 12th, 2017.

Increasingly expensive cross-border arbitration has caused third-party funding to become the solution for parties that would otherwise be barred from seeking justice for lack of funds.

With globalization, an increasing number of companies have engaged in cross-border transactions. To resolve disputes arising out of these international transactions, arbitration has become the most effective dispute resolution method.

Sapin II law strengthened the French legal framework by implementing measures aiming at legitimizing and extending existing practices in cross-border cases especially through the judicial agreement in the public interest mechanism (convention judiciaire d’intérêt public – CJIP).